维基百科:抄襲

此頁是英语維基百科的内容指引，但中文維基百科尚無採納共識。
此頁直到社群採納前都是論述，內容僅供參考。
若您認為此論述有成為正式指引的價值，建議參見英语維基百科的對應方針，並針對社群現況完善此論述的內容，再到互助客棧提議和參與討論。

本頁簡而言之：禁止將其他來源的作品變成像是您自己的作品。這類情況應當要提供並彰顯其作者之權益。

有關於複製與貼上文字的更多資訊，請參考Wikipedia:從其他來源複製文本至維基百科。有關於非常接近原文的改寫文字，請參考Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing。

抄襲指的是將他人所貢獻的作品，在沒有提供足夠的作者權益資訊之下，將其語言以及思想變成是自己的作品^[1]。劍橋大學將抄襲定義為：「將他人作品的部分或全部內容當作自己的作品提交，而沒有適當標明來源，無論是否有意圖欺騙^[2]。」

維基百科有三項核心內容方針，其中兩項很可能在不經意間產生抄襲問題。非原創研究防止我們將自己的想法放入條目當中，而可供查證要求條目必須基於可靠的已發表來源。這些方針意味著維基百科人非常容易被指責為抄襲者，因為我們非常執著於來源，但不能在內容上太過接近來源文本。由於抄襲的發生可能沒有欺騙的意圖，因此我們的關注方向應當放在教育編輯者清理條目內容。

所有來源會以行內引用進行標註，一般會以腳註的方式來進行引用（請參考引用來源）^[3]。In addition to an inline citation, in-text attribution is usually required when quoting or closely paraphrasing source material（例如：「約翰·史密斯寫到，這個建築物看起來很壯觀」，或是「根據史密斯（2012年）的文獻......」）^[4]。The Manual of Style requires in-text attribution when quoting a full sentence or more.^[5] Naming the author in the text allows the reader to see that it relies heavily on someone else's ideas, without having to search in the footnote. You can avoid inadvertent plagiarism by remembering these rules of thumb:

註解[编辑]

^ "What Constitutes Plagiarism?", Harvard Guide to Using Sources, Harvard University: "In academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. It doesn't matter whether the source is a published author, another student, a Web site without clear authorship, a Web site that sells academic papers, or any other person: Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident."（在學術寫作中，如果未能在論文中充分標註來源，而借用他人的任何想法或語言，便會被視為抄襲。無論來源是已出版的作者、其他學生、無明確作者的網站、販售學術論文的網站或其他任何人：將他人的工作據為己有就是偷竊，這在所有學術情況下都不能接受，無論你是故意還是無意這樣做。）該來源提供了各種抄襲類型的例子，包括逐字抄襲、拼湊抄襲、不充分的改寫、未標註來源的改寫和未標註來源的引用。
^ "University-wide statement on plagiarism", University of Cambridge.
For subject-specific guidelines, see "Guidance provided by Faculties and Departments", University of Cambridge.
^ For example, Smith 2012, p. 1, or Smith, John. Name of Book. Name of Publisher, 2012, p. 1.
^ "What Constitutes Plagiarism?", Harvard Guide to Using Sources, Harvard University (see "Uncited paraphrase" and "Uncited quotation").
There may be exceptions when using extensive content from free or copy-left sources, so long as proper attribution is provided in footnote or in the references section at the bottom of the page.
^ See Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Attribution: "The author of a quote of a full sentence or more should be named; this is done in the main text and not in a footnote. However, attribution is unnecessary with quotations that are clearly from the person discussed in the article or section. When preceding a quotation with its attribution, avoid characterizing it in a biased manner."

[HarvardGuide-1] "What Constitutes Plagiarism?", Harvard Guide to Using Sources, Harvard University: "In academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. It doesn't matter whether the source is a published author, another student, a Web site without clear authorship, a Web site that sells academic papers, or any other person: Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident."（在學術寫作中，如果未能在論文中充分標註來源，而借用他人的任何想法或語言，便會被視為抄襲。無論來源是已出版的作者、其他學生、無明確作者的網站、販售學術論文的網站或其他任何人：將他人的工作據為己有就是偷竊，這在所有學術情況下都不能接受，無論你是故意還是無意這樣做。）該來源提供了各種抄襲類型的例子，包括逐字抄襲、拼湊抄襲、不充分的改寫、未標註來源的改寫和未標註來源的引用。

[2] "University-wide statement on plagiarism", University of Cambridge.
For subject-specific guidelines, see "Guidance provided by Faculties and Departments", University of Cambridge.

[3] For example, Smith 2012, p. 1, or Smith, John. Name of Book. Name of Publisher, 2012, p. 1.

[4] "What Constitutes Plagiarism?", Harvard Guide to Using Sources, Harvard University (see "Uncited paraphrase" and "Uncited quotation").
There may be exceptions when using extensive content from free or copy-left sources, so long as proper attribution is provided in footnote or in the references section at the bottom of the page.

[5] See Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Attribution: "The author of a quote of a full sentence or more should be named; this is done in the main text and not in a footnote. However, attribution is unnecessary with quotations that are clearly from the person discussed in the article or section. When preceding a quotation with its attribution, avoid characterizing it in a biased manner."

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