二氧化鉬

二氧化鉬
	IUPAC名; Molybdenum(IV) oxide
別名	氧化鉬(IV)
識別
CAS號	18868-43-4
PubChem	29320
SMILES	O=[Mo]=O;
性質
化學式	MoO2
摩爾質量	127.94 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	棕紫色固體
密度	6.47 g/cm3
熔點	1,100 °C（1,370 K）（分解）
溶解性（水）	難溶於水、鹼、鹽酸、氫氟酸
溶解性	微溶於熱硫酸
磁化率	+41.0·10−6 cm3/mol
結構
晶體結構	扭曲的金紅石結構（四方晶系）
配位幾何	八面體形（MoIV）; 三角形（O−II）
危險性
閃點	不可燃
相關物質
其他陰離子	二硫化鉬
其他陽離子	二氧化鉻; 二氧化鎢
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

二氧化鉬是+4價鉬的氧化物，化學式為MoO₂。它是紫色的金屬導體。

它在自然界以罕見的秋格瑞諾夫礦的形式存在。

製備[編輯]

二氧化鉬可以由下述方法製備：

鉬在800°C還原三氧化鉬：

2 MoO₃ + Mo → 3 MoO₂

氫氣或氨在470°C下還原三氧化鉬。^[1]

單晶可通過碘參與的化學轉移反應製備。碘和MoO₂可逆地結合，產生揮發性的MoO₂I₂來使轉移進行。^[2]

氧化鉬是「工業氧化鉬」的成分之一，它在MoS₂的冶煉中產生：^[3]^[4]

2 MoS₂ + 7O₂ → 2MoO₃ + 4SO₂

MoS₂ + 6MoO₃ → 7MoO₂ + 2SO₂

2 MoO₂ + O₂ → 2MoO₃

用途[編輯]

MoO₂可用作醇類的脫氫的催化劑^[5]，也可用作碳氫化合物^[6]或生物柴油^[7]的重整催化劑。通過還原在石墨上沉積的二氧化鉬，可以製得鉬納米線。^[8]氧化鉬也有潛力用作鋰離子電池的陽極材料。^[9]^[10]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
^ Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1
^ Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
^ "Thermal Analysis and Kinetics of Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfides" Y. Shigegaki, S.K. Basu, M.Wakihara and M. Taniguchi, J. Therm. Analysis 34 (1988), 1427-1440
^ A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749
^ Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO₂ as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906
^ Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide, C.M. Cuba-Torres, et al, Fuel (2015), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.003
^ Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a
^ Shi, Yifeng; Guo, Bingkun; Corr, Serena A.; Shi, Qihui; Hu, Yong-Sheng; Heier, Kevin R.; Chen, Liquan; Seshadri, Ram; Stucky, Galen D. Ordered Mesoporous Metallic MoO2 Materials with Highly Reversible Lithium Storage Capacity. Nano Letters. 2009-12-09, 9 (12): 4215–4220. ISSN 1530-6984. doi:10.1021/nl902423a.
^ Kim, Hyung-Seok; Cook, John B.; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Dunn, Bruce. The Development of Pseudocapacitive Properties in Nanosized-MoO2. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2015-01-01, 162 (5): A5083–A5090 [2018-02-10]. ISSN 0013-4651. doi:10.1149/2.0141505jes. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-04）（英語）.

[1] Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5

[2] Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1

[3] Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

[4] "Thermal Analysis and Kinetics of Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfides" Y. Shigegaki, S.K. Basu, M.Wakihara and M. Taniguchi, J. Therm. Analysis 34 (1988), 1427-1440

[5] A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749

[6] Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO₂ as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906

[7] Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide, C.M. Cuba-Torres, et al, Fuel (2015), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.003

[8] Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a

[9] Shi, Yifeng; Guo, Bingkun; Corr, Serena A.; Shi, Qihui; Hu, Yong-Sheng; Heier, Kevin R.; Chen, Liquan; Seshadri, Ram; Stucky, Galen D. Ordered Mesoporous Metallic MoO2 Materials with Highly Reversible Lithium Storage Capacity. Nano Letters. 2009-12-09, 9 (12): 4215–4220. ISSN 1530-6984. doi:10.1021/nl902423a.

[10] Kim, Hyung-Seok; Cook, John B.; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Dunn, Bruce. The Development of Pseudocapacitive Properties in Nanosized-MoO2. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2015-01-01, 162 (5): A5083–A5090 [2018-02-10]. ISSN 0013-4651. doi:10.1149/2.0141505jes. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-04）（英語）.

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