捲舌閃音 是一種輔音,在部分口語中使用, 國際音標 符號是⟨ ɽ ⟩ , X-SAMPA 符號是⟨ r` ⟩ 。
捲舌閃音 的特徵:
^ 1.0 1.1 Mazumdar (2000 :57頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMazumdar2000 (help )
^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :50–51, 53–55頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ 4.0 4.1 Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001 :95, 97, 101, 107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGoemanvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :50–51, 53–54頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001 :54頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerstratenvan_de_Velde2001 (help )
^ 8.0 8.1 L.F. Brosnahan. Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni (PDF) . [2013-11-24 ] . (原始內容 (PDF) 存檔於2013-04-03).
^ 9.0 9.1 Tiwari (2004 :?頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFTiwari2004 (help )
^ 10.0 10.1 Okada (1999 :118頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFOkada1999 (help )
^ 11.0 11.1 Vance (2008 :89頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVance2008 (help )
^ 12.0 12.1 Labrune (2012 :92頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFLabrune2012 (help )
^ Khatiwada (2009 :377頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help )
^ Khatiwada (2009 :374頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKhatiwada2009 (help )
^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Heide (2010 :3–44頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFHeide2010 (help )
^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Kristoffersen (2000 :24頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFKristoffersen2000 (help )
^ 17.0 17.1 Masica (1991 :107頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMasica1991 (help )
^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (頁面存檔備份 ,存於互聯網檔案館 ) (葡萄牙語)
^ (葡萄牙語) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná (頁面存檔備份 ,存於互聯網檔案館 ). Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
^ (葡萄牙語) 保利斯塔內陸"首都"的韻尾/r/:社會語言學分析 (頁面存檔備份 ,存於互聯網檔案館 ). Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
^ (葡萄牙語) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty (頁面存檔備份 ,存於互聯網檔案館 ). 22和23頁。
^ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas. 3.3.1. A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki . Volume 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2019: 24 [2020-12-27 ] . ISBN 9781614512257 . (原始內容 存檔於2021-03-24) (英語) . Retroflex /ṇ/和/ḷ/(即IPA/ɳ/和/ɭ/) 對應拉合爾旁遮普語齒音/n/和/l/ ,儘管這現象在城區年輕使用者那裏減弱。我們發現捲舌鼻音和捲舌邊音在現行旁遮普語Shahmukhi文正字法/ṇ/只偶然地被描寫,且/ḷ/沒有被呈現。
^ 23.0 23.1 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001 :282頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFValenzuelaMárquez_PinedoMaddieson2001 (help )
肺部氣流音
當符號成對出現時,左邊的是清音,右邊的是濁音 。陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。
圖表