滴液豬籠草

滴液豬籠草
	產自斯里蘭卡辛哈拉加森林保護區的滴液豬籠草的上位籠
保護狀況
	; 易危（IUCN 2.3）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬：	豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：	滴液豬籠草 N. distillatoria
二名法
	Nepenthes distillatoria; L., 1753
	滴液豬籠草的分佈地
異名
	同物異名 Bandura zeylanica; Burm. ex Brongn. (1824)nom.illeg.; Nepenthes chapmanii; N.P.Balakr. (1970); Nepenthes destillatoria; Beck (1895);; Danser (1928)sphalm.typogr.; Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens; W.G.Sm. (1882); Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens rubra; auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1892); Nepenthes indica; Poir. (1797) nom.illeg.; Nepenthes rubra; auct. non Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1886); Nepenthes smithii; Beck (1895) nom.illeg.; Nepenthes speciosa; Hort. ex Beck (1895)nom.illeg.; Nepenthes trichocarpa; auct. non Miq.: Hort. ex Hort.Bednar in sched. (1993); Nepenthes zeylanica; (Burm. ex Brongn.) Raf. (1836); Nepenthes zeylanica var. rubra; (auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols.) Veitch ex Wilson (1877); ; 異物同名 Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Brion (1855); [=N. madagascariensis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Jack (1835); [=N. gracilis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Jeann. (1894); [=N. vieillardii]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: R.Grah. (1827); [=N. khasiana]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Steud. (1841); [=N. mirabilis]; Nepenthes distillatoria; auct. non L.: Wall. (1828); [=N. distillatoria/N. gracilis]; ; 前林奈名 "Badura. Planta Zeylanica in foliorum extremo folliculum peniformem expansum habens."; Herm. (1726); "Bandura. Planta Zeylanica, cujus foliorum extremus folliculus peniformis expendet."; Herm. (1726); "Bandura cingalensium"; Ray (1686); "Bandura Zeylanica"; Burm. (1737); "Bandura zingalensium"; Breyne (1680); Miranda herba"; Bartholinus (1677); "Nepenthes Zeylanicum flore minore"; Breyne (1689); "Planta mirabilis destillatoria"; H.N.Grimm (1683); "Utricaria vegetabilis Zeylanensium, Bandura Cingalibus dicta"; Pluk. (1696); ;

滴液豬籠草（學名：Nepenthes distillatoria）是斯里蘭卡特有的的熱帶食蟲植物。其為第二個被描述的豬籠草屬物種，並且是首個正式命名於林奈分類法下的豬籠草屬物種。其還為豬籠草屬的模式種。其種加詞「distillatoria」來源於拉丁文「destillo」和形容詞詞尾「-oria」，意為「提取的、蒸餾的」。

植物學史[編輯]

滴液豬籠草是自馬達加斯加豬籠草（N. madagascariensis）之後第二個被描述的豬籠草屬物種。1677年，丹麥醫生托馬斯·巴托林（Thomas Bartholin）簡要的描述了它，並將其命名為「Miranda herba」，意為「奇妙的藥草」。^[12]三年後，荷蘭商人雅各布·布雷納（Jacob Breyne）依當地俗名將其命名為「Bandura zingalensium」。^[11]隨後「Bandura」便成為了之後指代豬籠草最常用的名字，直至1737年，卡爾·林奈建立了豬籠草屬。 ^[14]

1683年，瑞典醫生及博物學家赫爾曼·尼克拉斯·格里姆（Herman Niklas Grim.^[13]）再次描述了滴液豬籠草。^[13]他將其稱為「奇異的滴液植物（Planta mirabilis destillatoria）」。這是第一次有人清楚的描述了豬籠草。^[14]三年後，即1686年，英國博物學家約翰·雷援引格林的話說：^{[注 1]}^[9]

“

由於太陽光的照射，地面的水氣升騰並凝結在植株上，水滴隨着莖和葉流入了籠內。（翻譯自拉丁文，見《婆羅洲的豬籠草》^[14]）

”

1753年，卡爾·林奈使用H·N·格林原種加詞命名了滴液豬籠草。

1737年，約翰內斯·布爾曼（Johannes Burmann）再次在其著作《Thesaurus Zeylanicus》中對滴液豬籠草進行了描述。文中包括一幅帶捕蟲籠和花序枝條的插圖。布爾曼將滴液豬籠草命名為「Bandura zeylanica」。^[10]

19世紀後期的園藝貿易中，滴液豬籠草也常與印度豬籠草（N. khasiana）混淆。^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

生態關係[編輯]

滴液豬籠草是斯里蘭卡特有的物種，也是唯一分佈於該島的豬籠草屬物種。其生長於河堤或森林裏浸水的開闊灌木叢中。滴液豬籠草存在於海拔0至700米處。^[1]

由於地理隔離，尚未發現滴液豬籠草的自然雜交種。

種下類群[編輯]

已有三個滴液豬籠草種下類群的描述，但其名稱都不是有效的：

Nepenthes distillatoria var. rubra (Nichols.) Hort.Veitch ex Lindsay (1891)
Nepenthes distillatoria var. speciosa Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869)
Nepenthes distillatoria var. vera D.Moore (1872)^[20]

註釋[編輯]

^ 約翰·雷敘述的原文：

“

The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs.

”

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba. Nepenthes distillatoria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [6 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).
^ （法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 （德文） Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.
^ Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
^ Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.
^ [Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.
^ （拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.
^ （拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ Paxton, J. 1838. Nepenthes distillatoria. Paxton's Magazine of Botany 4: 1–4.
^ Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
^ Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.
^ Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
^ Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
^ Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

[Anonymous] 1849. Societies. Botanical of Edinburgh, July 12. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1849(30): 470–471.
[Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
Amaratunga, K.L.D. 1980. Nepenthaceae. In: M.D. Dassanayake & F.R. Fosberg (eds.) A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Volume 6. Taylor & Francis, London. pp. 241–244.
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擴展閱讀[編輯]

食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中滴液豬籠草的照片（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：滴液豬籠草維基物種上的相關資訊：滴液豬籠草

[Ray-16] 約翰·雷敘述的原文：

“ The root draws up moisture from the earth which with the help of the sun's rays rises up into the plant itself and then flows down through the stems and nerves of the leaves into the natural utensil to be stored there until used for human needs. ”

[iucn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba. Nepenthes distillatoria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [6 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).

[2] （法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.

[Beck-3] 3.0 ^3.1 （德文） Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.

[Danser-4] Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.

[5] Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.

[6] [Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.

[7] （拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.

[8] （拉丁文） Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.

[Ray1686-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.

[Burmann1737-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.

[Breyne1680-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.

[Bartholin1677-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.

[Grim1683-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.

[P&L-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[15] Paxton, J. 1838. Nepenthes distillatoria. Paxton's Magazine of Botany 4: 1–4.

[Masters16-17] Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.

[18] Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.

[19] Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.

[20] Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

[21] Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.

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